DES的C++实现
DES的原理
轮密钥生成过程加解密过程
加解密过程中最终的一个步骤就是 F 函数F 函数中最重要的一个就是 S 盒的变换 DES的C++实现DES的C++实现结果 DES的原理
DES算法是一种对称加密算法,算法把64位明文输入块通过64位密钥变为64位密文输出块。 算法主要包括两个部分的内容:轮密钥生成;加解密。 整个算法的流程图如下图所示:
轮密钥生成过程
1: 对于输入的初始密钥(64位),首先经过一个 PC-1 置换,此时得到的密钥中间值为56比特。 2: 将56位比特数据分为 C 和 D 两个部分,分别为28比特。 3:对 C 和 D 进行循环左移,每一轮循环左移的位置是固定的。 4:经过循环左移之后得到新的 C 和 D ,将 C 和 D 合并,进行一个 PC-2 置换,即可得到第一轮子密钥。 5:循环步骤 2、3、4 得到所有的16轮子密钥。 6:密钥生成算法的流程图如下图所示:
加解密过程
以加密为例(解密的过程与加密的过程相似,只是轮密钥的使用顺序相反) 1:首先输入的64位明文进行一个初始IP置换,得到新的排列的64位明文中间值。 2:将这64位数值数据值分为 L 和 R 两部分,R 就是下一轮中要使用的 L 3:R 和轮密钥 K 进行 F 函数运算,结果和 L 进行异或,异或得到的结果就是下一轮中 R 的值。 4:经过16轮迭代之后对最后的 L 和 R 值合并并进行一个逆置换, 得到最终的64位密文。 5:加密过程的整体流程图如下图所示:
加解密过程中最终的一个步骤就是 F 函数
1:R 中的32位数据通过扩展置换 E 得到48位比特数据 2:这48位比特数据和轮密钥 Key 进行异或得到新的48位数据值 3:48位数据值经过 S 盒变换成为32比特数据值,最终通过一个 P 置换,得到整个最后的 F 函数的32位输出值。 4:F 函数的流程图如下图所示:
F 函数中最重要的一个就是 S 盒的变换
1:S 盒是指一个 4 X 16 的数组。 2:当一个6位的二进制数输入时,最高位和最低位组成一个二进制数,得到数组的行;剩余位同理得到列。 3:查找数组对应行列中的值,将其转换为一个4比特的二进制数,就是 S 盒的最终输出。
DES的C++实现
#include #include #include #include using namespace std;string roundKey[16];//函数在传递数组的时候需要用到指针,因为不想使用指针,所以一开始预定义//生成轮密钥的过程////1:生成密钥置换PC-1,将输入的初始密钥由64位变成56位int PC1[] = { 57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1, 58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3, 60, 52, 44, 36, 63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5, 28, 20, 12, 4 };string PC1Exchange(string key) {//PC-1置换函数string result = "";for (int i = 0; i < 56; ++i) {result += key[PC1[i]-1];}return result;}//2:生成的56比特分为C0和的D0,每一轮生成的Ci和Di都要进行循环左移,循环左移轮数写成一张表int LS[] = { 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1 };string LeftShift(string key, int ShiftNumber) {//循环左移函数return key.substr(ShiftNumber) + key.substr(0, ShiftNumber);}//3:生成压缩置换表,将Ci和Di合并为56位密钥,然后进行压缩,生成48位轮密钥int PC2[] = { 14, 17, 11, 24, 1, 5, 3, 28, 15, 6, 21, 10, 23, 19, 12, 4, 26, 8, 16, 7, 27, 20, 13, 2, 41, 52, 31, 37, 47, 55, 30, 40, 51, 45, 33, 48, 44, 49, 39, 56, 34, 53, 46, 42, 50, 36, 29, 32 };string PC2Exchange(string key) {//压缩置换PC-2函数string result = "";for (int i = 0; i < 48; ++i) {result += key[PC2[i] - 1];}return result;}//轮密钥生成函数void KeyGenerate(string initKey) {//将初始密钥传递到函数中string leftKey;//将密钥分为Ci和Di,分别用leftKey和rightKey表示string rightKey;string tempKey = PC1Exchange(initKey);//用来存储经过密钥置换PC-1之后的56位密钥值以及生成的密钥中间值for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {leftKey = tempKey.substr(0, 28);//将56位密钥分为左右两部分rightKey = tempKey.substr(28);leftKey = LeftShift(leftKey, LS[i]);//对左右两部分Ci和Di进行循环左移操作rightKey = LeftShift(rightKey, LS[i]);tempKey = leftKey + rightKey;//将Ci和Di进行合并得到密钥中间值roundKey[i] = PC2Exchange(tempKey);}}//生成轮密钥的过程结束////加解密操作的过程////1:初始置换IPint IP[] = { 58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2, 60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6, 64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8, 57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5, 63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7 };string IPExchange(string init) {//IP置换函数string result = "";for (int i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {result += init[IP[i] - 1];}return result;}//2:函数F//扩展置换Eint E[] = { 32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 1 };string EExchange(string right) {//扩展置换函数string result = "";for (int i = 0; i < 48; ++i) {result += right[E[i] - 1];}return result;}//S盒int SBOX[8][4][16] = {{{14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7}, {0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8}, {4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0}, {15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13}},{{15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10}, {3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5}, {0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15}, {13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9}},{{10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8}, {13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1}, {13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7}, {1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12}},{{7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15}, {13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9}, {10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4}, {3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14}},{{2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9}, {14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6}, {4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14}, {11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3}},{{12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11}, {10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8}, {9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6}, {4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13}},{{4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1}, {13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6}, {1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2}, {6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12}},{{13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7}, {1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2}, {7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8}, {2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11}}};string DecToBin(int str) {//十进制转二进制的函数实现string bin = "";while (str >= 1) {bin = to_string(str % 2) + bin;str = str / 2;}while (bin.size() != 4) {bin = '0' + bin;}return bin;}int BinToDec(char str) {//二进制转十进制的函数实现return str - '0';}string SExchange(string right) {//S盒置换函数string result = "";for (int i = 0; i < 48; i = i + 6) {int row = BinToDec(right[i]) * 2 + BinToDec(right[i + 5]);int col = BinToDec(right[i + 1]) * 8 + BinToDec(right[i + 2]) * 4 + BinToDec(right[i + 3]) * 2 + BinToDec(right[i + 4]);result += DecToBin(SBOX[i / 6][row][col]);}return result;}//P置换int P[] = { 16, 7, 20, 21, 29, 12, 28, 17,1, 15, 23, 26,5, 18, 31, 10,2, 8, 24, 14, 32, 27, 3, 9, 19, 13, 30, 6, 22, 11, 4, 25 };string PExchange(string right) {//P置换函数string result = "";for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {result += right[P[i] - 1];}return result;}string XOR(string str1, string str2) {//异或函数实现string res = "";for (int i = 0; i < str1.size(); i++) {if (str1[i] == str2[i]) {res += "0";}else {res += "1";}}return res;}//函数F函数实现string F(string right, string key) {string temp = EExchange(right);//用来存储right部分进行扩展置换后的中间值temp = XOR(temp, key);//进行异或操作string result = SExchange(temp);//进行S盒转换result = PExchange(result);//进行P置换return result;}//3:尾置换IP逆int IPR[] = { 40, 8, 48, 16, 56, 24, 64, 32, 39, 7, 47, 15, 55, 23, 63, 31, 38, 6, 46, 14, 54, 22, 62, 30, 37, 5, 45, 13, 53, 21, 61, 29, 36, 4, 44, 12, 52, 20, 60, 28, 35, 3, 43, 11, 51, 19, 59, 27, 34, 2, 42, 10, 50, 18, 58, 26, 33, 1, 41, 9, 49, 17, 57, 25 };string IPRExchange(string end) {//IP逆置换实现string result = "";for (int i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {result += end[IPR[i] - 1];}return result;}//4:加密函数实现string encrypt(string plain, string key) {string cipher = "";string temp = IPExchange(plain);//对输入明文进行初始置换IPstring left = temp.substr(0, 32);//将经过IP置换的明文串转换为左右两部分string right = temp.substr(32);for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {//进行16轮迭代string middle = right;right = XOR(left, F(right, roundKey[i]));left = middle;}cipher = right + left;//对左右两部分进行合并cipher = IPRExchange(cipher);//进行IP逆置换return cipher;}//5:解密函数实现string decrypt(string cipher, string key) {string plain = "";string temp = IPExchange(cipher);//对输入密文进行初始置换IPstring left = temp.substr(0, 32);//将经过IP置换的密文串转换为左右两部分string right = temp.substr(32);for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {//进行16轮迭代string middle = right;right = XOR(left, F(right, roundKey[15-i]));left = middle;}plain = right + left;//对左右两部分进行合并plain = IPRExchange(plain);//进行IP逆置换return plain;}int HexToDec(char str) {//十六进制转换为十进制的函数实现int dec = 0;if (str >= 'A' && str <= 'F') {dec += (str - 'A' + 10);}else {dec += (str - '0');}return dec;}//加解密函数实现结束string HexToBin(string str) {//十六进制转换为二进制的函数实现string bin = "";string table[16] = { "0000","0001","0010","0011","0100","0101","0110","0111","1000","1001","1010","1011","1100","1101","1110","1111" };for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++) {if (str[i] >= 'A'&&str[i] <= 'F') {bin += table[str[i] - 'A' + 10];}else {bin += table[str[i] - '0'];}}return bin;}string BinToHex(string str) {//二进制转换为十六进制的函数实现string hex = "";int temp = 0;while (str.size() % 4 != 0) {str = "0" + str;}for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i += 4) {temp = (str[i] - '0') * 8 + (str[i + 1] - '0') * 4 + (str[i + 2] - '0') * 2 + (str[i + 3] - '0') * 1;if (temp < 10) {hex += to_string(temp);}else {hex += 'A' + (temp - 10);}}return hex;}int main() {string input = "0123456789ABCDEF";string initKey = "133457799BBCDFF1";string plain = HexToBin(input);string key = HexToBin(initKey);KeyGenerate(key);string cipher = encrypt(plain, key);cout << "明文: " << input << endl;cout << "密钥: " << initKey << endl;cout << "密文: " << cipher << endl;string output = decrypt(cipher, key);cout << "密文: " << cipher << endl;cout << "密钥: " << initKey << endl;cout << "明文: " << input << endl;}
DES的C++实现结果
例: 明文: 0123456789ABCDEF 密钥: 133457799BBCDFF1 密文: 85E813540F0AB405